Search results for "sex difference"
showing 10 items of 72 documents
Sex differences of anxiety disorders: Possible psychobiological causes - Diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en los trastornos de ansiedad: una aprox…
2009
Anxiety disorders are common in both men and women and are particularly disabling for the sufferer. Women of reproductive age are more vulnerable to developing these mental disorders than men; in fact their prevalence is 2-3 times higher among females than among males. Sex differences have also been reported in relation to the manifestation and expression of symptoms, the will to request medical or psychological assistance, the course of the disease, and even in the response to treatment. These sex differences may be attributable to multiple factors, such as genetic predisposition, anatomy, hormones and environment. However, very little is known about the risk factors for women with respect…
Sex differences of anxiety disorders: Possible psychobiological causes
2009
Los trastornos de ansiedad son, en la actualidad, enfermedades psiquiátricas muy frecuentes e incapacitantes. Las mujeres en edad reproductiva son más vulnerables a desarrollar trastornos de ansiedad, aproximadamente entre 2 a 3 veces más que los hombres. Ser hombre o mujer no sólo puede influir en la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales, sino también en la manifestación y expresión de los síntomas, la voluntad para solicitar asistencia médica o psicológica, el curso de la enfermedad, incluso en la respuesta al tratamiento. Cada vez hay pruebas más sólidas de que existen diferencias entre ambos sexos respecto a la anatomía cerebral, la neuroquímica y los patrones de activación y respuesta…
Gender differences among professionals dedicated to Oral Implantology in Spain: An observational study.
2021
Background: Despite the development of society and the educational progress achieved at the university education level, women continue to face obstacles that hinder their professional development. This study aims to determine whether there are gender differences in a representative sample of professionals dedicated to Oral Implantology in Spain. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study based on the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. An electronic survey consisting of two blocks of questions was sent to members of the Spanish Society of Implants. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results: A tot…
Geriatric Insights on Elderly Women and Heart Disease
2017
Purpose of Review: The prevalence of heart diseases is growing in recent years and will further rise because of the increased longevity of elderly population, mainly reported for the female gender. Recent Findings: Several studies have demonstrated the presence of a large sex-specific variability on physiopathology, presentation, and overall prognosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Women, in particular, tend to present heart diseases generally later than men, have a higher number of comorbidities, and report worse outcomes. Moreover, atypical symptomatology of heart diseases in older women constitutes a potential source of delay in the identification of such pathologies, influencing the …
The heritability of depressive symptoms: multiple informants and multiple measures
2002
Background: Earlier research suggests large rater differences in heritability estimates of children's depressive symptoms in the context of significant age and sex-limitation effects. Methods: With data from an ongoing, population-based twin-family study, we estimated genetic and environmental influences on children's depression with models allowing for sex-specific effects. Our assessments of twins included self-reports and ratings made by their classmate peers, their parents and their teachers, allowing estimates of genetic and environmental effects with data from different informants. Model-fitting used maximum likelihood estimation of log-transformed data from a sample of 1,366 11- and …
Sex Differences in the Physiological Network of Healthy Young Subjects
2021
Within human physiology, systemic interactions couple physiological variables to maintain homeostasis. These interactions change according to health status and are modified by factors such as age and sex. For several physiological processes, sex-based distinctions in normal physiology are present and defined in isolation. However, new methodologies are indispensable to analyze system-wide properties and interactions with the objective of exploring differences between sexes. Here we propose a new method to construct complex inferential networks from a normalization using the clinical criteria for health of physiological variables, and the correlations between anthropometric and blood tests b…
Autonomic, hormonal, and subjective responses to a modified version of the TSST: a pilot study
2021
El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar las respuestas hormonales, autonómicas y afectivas a una versión modificada del estresor TSST en una muestra de jóvenes universitarios compuesta de treinta y ocho sujetos (11 hombres y veintisiete mujeres, 11 en la fase lútea del ciclo menstrual, 16 mujeres en la fase folicular). La respuesta hormonal se evaluó con niveles de cortisol. La frecuencia cardíaca y la actividad electrodérmica se registraron durante toda la sesión experimental y la ansiedad rasgo y estado se evaluaron antes y después de la tarea. La fase de discurso provocó la frecuencia cardíaca más alta, la mayor frecuencia de respuestas inespecíficas y el mayor nivel de conductanc…
La valorizzazione delle specificità femminili e maschili nelle pratiche scolastiche: problemi metodologico-didattici
2014
The need to partially distinguish a way to teach men and women is rooted in a philosophical anthropology that considers sex differences an enrichment. The strengthening of the sexual identity of the students and the acquisition of a proper gender identity, in a view of respecting people of the opposite sex and equal partnership, is one of the educational goals of the school. The school thus hypothesized becomes a laboratory in which everyone can build a personal identity.
Will women soon outperform men in open-water ultra-distance swimming in the ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’?
2014
Abstract This study investigated the change in sex differences across years in ultra-distance swimming performances at the 36-km ‘Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli’ race held from 1954 to 2013. Changes in swimming performance of 662 men and 228 women over the 59-year period were investigated using linear, non-linear and hierarchical regression analyses. Race times of the annual fastest swimmers decreased linearly for women from 731 min to 391 min (r 2 = 0.60, p < 0.0001) and for men from 600 min to 373 min (r 2 = 0.30, p < 0.0001). Race times of the annual top three swimmers decreased linearly between 1963 and 2013 for women from 736.8 ± 78.4 min to 396.6 ± 4.5 min (r 2 = 0.58, p <…
Associations Between Physical and Executive Functions Among Community-Dwelling Older Men and Women
2022
Walking is a complex task requiring the interplay of neuromuscular, sensory, and cognitive functions. Owing to the age-related decline in cognitive and physical functions, walking may be compromised in older adults, for cognitive functions, especially poor performance in executive functions, is associated with slow walking speed. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between different subdomains of executive functions and physical functions and whether the associations found differ between men and women. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on data collected from 314 community-dwelling older adults who did not meet physical activity guidelines but had…